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Like all snakes, eyelash pit vipers have primitive ear structures that sense nearby vibrations rather than sound. Eyelash pit vipers feed on a wide variety of small vertebrate animals, including but not limited to frogs, lizards, birds, bats, rodents, and marsupials. In most cases, these snakes will prey upon any animal small enough to be subdued and ingested without confrontation.
While they are not considered an aggressive species, eyelash pit vipers have been known to bite humans who venture too close. Eyelash pit vipers are primarily nocturnal predators, although they also capture moving prey from the safety of their diurnal perch.
They typically use a "sit-and-wait" form of predation to surprise and ambush their prey. After capture, they paralyze their prey by injecting hemotoxic venom toxins capable of destroying red blood cells. This venom contains procoagulants and haemorrhagins, and affects both the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system, making it highly toxic. O'Shea, ; Sorrell, Eyelash pit vipers are slow-moving ambush predators. Because of their predatory habits, they are vulnerable to predation themselves.
In response to this, eyelash vipers have developed unique adaptations to avoid being attacked or eaten. The "eyelashes" actually break up the shape of the head and allow it to be easily camouflaged. The patterns found on eyelash pit vipers vary greatly and allow them to blend in with their surrounding environment. Along with camouflage, they also rely on a hemotoxic and neurotoxic venom, which affects the blood stream and central nervous system to deter potential predators.
Common predators include hedgehogs, badgers, foxes, humans, and cats. Eyelash pit vipers are important predators of small vertebrate animals in their moist, wooded tropical environments. Because of their colorful appearance, eyelash pit vipers are one of the most common arboreal vipers collected and kept in captivity. Eyelash pit vipers are relatively docile unless threatened.
It is not uncommon for people encounter this ambush predator unexpectedly in their natural habitat. Although no fatalities from eyelash pit viper bites have been reported, they are venomous and potentially harmful.
Because of their relatively small size and ability to become camouflaged among bright yellow fruit, yellow eyelash pit vipers have been accidentally shipped throughout the world in boxes of bananas. They are no longer listed as threatened on any endangered species list. Like many arboreal, tropical species, eyelash pit vipers are likely threatened by habitat loss as a result of increased deforestation for the timber industry, agriculture, or urbanization.
Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons or periodic condition changes. Epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant. Precipitation is typically not limiting, but may be somewhat seasonal. Sacramento Zoo. Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Antonio, F. Mating behavior and reproduction of the eyelash viper Bothrops schlegeli in captivity.
Berenzweig, R. Berthold, The Reptile Database. Castoe, T. Bayesian mixed models and the phylogeny of pitvipers Viperidae: Serpentes. Chiszar, D. The predatory strike of the jumping viper Porthidium nummifer.
Fernandez, J. Lomonte, L. Sanz, A. Yamileth, J. Gutirerez, J. Snake venomics of Bothriechis nigroviridis reveals extreme variability among palm pitviper venoms: different evolutionary solutions for the same trophic purpose.
Gutierrez, J. Rojas, B. Lamonte, J. Gene, C. Comparitive study of the edema-forming activity of Costa Rican snake venoms and its neutralization by a polyvalent antivenom.
Guyer, C. Length-mass relationships among an assemblage of tropical snakes in Costa Rica. Hunziker, R. O'Shea, M. Venomous Snakes of the World. Parkinson, C. Molecular systematics and geographical history of pitvipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal dna sequences.
Richardson, A. Pit Vipers. Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press. Santos-Barrera, G.
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