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Wise — International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. About This Site. Glossary : Full Glossary. Nazi Camps Between and , Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44, camps and other incarceration sites including ghettos.
Key Facts. More information about this image. Cite Share Print Tags killing centers Nazi camps Third Reich forced-labor camps concentration camps transit camps camps. Early Camps —38 From its rise to power in , the Nazi regime built a series of incarceration sites to imprison and eliminate real and perceived "enemies of the state. Types of Camps Many people refer to all of the Nazi incarceration sites during the Holocaust as concentration camps.
Prisoners lacked proper equipment, clothing, nourishment, or rest. Transit camps: Transit camps functioned as temporary holding facilities for Jews awaiting deportation.
These camps were usually the last stop before deportations to a killing center. Prisoner-of-war camps: For Allied prisoners of war, including Poles and Soviet soldiers. Killing centers: Established primarily or exclusively for the assembly-line style murder of large numbers of people immediately upon arrival to the site.
There were 5 killing centers for the murder primarily of Jews. Camp System: Maps Other types of incarceration sites numbered in the tens of thousands. Concentration Camps Concentration camps are often inaccurately compared to a prison in modern society. To eliminate individuals and small, targeted groups of individuals by murder, away from the public and judicial review. To exploit forced labor of the prisoner population. When the U. Holocaust Memorial Museum first began to document all of the camps, the belief was that the list would total approximately 7, However, researchers found that the Nazis actually established about 42, camps and ghettoes between and This figure includes 30, slave labor camps; 1, Jewish ghettoes , concentration camps ; 1, POW camps; brothels filled with sex slaves; and thousands of other camps used for euthanizing the elderly and infirm; Germanizing prisoners or transporting victims to killing centers.
Berlin alone had nearly 3, camps. These camps were used for a range of purposes including: forced-labor camps , transit camps which served as temporary way stations, and extermination camps , built primarily or exclusively for mass murder. From its rise to power in , the Nazi regime built a series of detention facilities to imprison and eliminate so-called "enemies of the state.
Millions of people were imprisoned, abused and systematically murdered in the various types of Nazi camps. Under SS management, the Germans and their collaborators murdered more than three million Jews in the killing centers alone.
Only a small fraction of those imprisoned in Nazi camps survived. As many as million people may have died in the various camps and ghettoes. Sources: U. Holocaust Memorial Museum. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library. Category » Concentration Camps. What are Camps? In , Ruth was incarcerated in Westerbork transit camp and later Bergen-Belsen concentration camp with her mother and two sisters.
At some camps inmates could still receive and send post. The Red Cross facilitated many of these letters between countries at war with each other. This telegram was sent from Dr. Wilhelm Gross, who was incarcerated in Westerbork transit camp, to his daughter Dora Gross, who had escaped as a refugee to Britain. Transit camps were camps where prisoners were briefly detained prior to deportation to other Nazi camps.
Following the start of the Second World War , the Nazis occupied a number of countries. Here, they implemented antisemitic and racial policies as they had done in Germany.
These policies led to the establishment of a number of transit camps across the different occupied countries. Prisoners were held in these camps prior to their deportation to other camps, such as Bergen-Belsen or Auschwitz. Overall, the conditions in the transit camps were similar to that of concentration camps — unsanitary and awful.
Facilities were poor and overcrowding was common. Unlike most of the concentration camps within Germany not all of the transit camps were run by the SS. Camps could be run by local collaborators in the countries that they were based, such as Drancy, near Paris in France, which was run by the French Police until The Nazis started using forced labour shortly after their rise to power.
They established specific Arbeitslager labour camps which housed Ostarbeite r eastern workers , Fremdarbeiter foreign workers and other forced labourers who were forcibly rounded up and brought in from the east.
These were separate from the SS-run concentration camps, where prisoners were also forced to perform labour. The use of forced labour first began to grow significantly in , as rearmament caused labour shortages.
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, the use of labour again increased sharply. The invasion of the Soviet Union in June further heightened demands on the war economy, and in turn, for labour. At the same time, this invasion brought thousands of potential new workers under Nazi control. These prisoners were called Ostarbeiter eastern workers and Fremdarbeiter foreign workers. The Nazis deported these people to forced labour camps, where they worked to produce supplies for the increasingly strained war economy or in construction efforts.
As in most Nazi camps, conditions in forced labour camps were inadequate. Inmates were only ever seen as temporary, and, in the Nazis view, could always be replaced with others: there was a complete disregard for the health of prisoners.
They were subject to insufficiencies of food, equipment, medicine and clothing, whilst working long hours. There was little or no time for rest or breaks. As a result of these conditions, death rates in labour camps were extremely high. By , more than fourteen million people had been exploited in the network of hundreds of forced labour camps that stretched across the whole of Nazi-occupied Europe. This drawing by prisoner R. This camp was used to incarcerate British Navy personnel from until its liberation in May Typically, inmates in prisoner of war camps were allowed to send and receive letters from their families, although this process could take several weeks or months.
This is an unused prisoner of war airmail letter. The prisoner of war camps were subject to strict rules and regulations.
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