Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Mixed-Structure Utilizes distinct systems e. Composite A combination of materials e. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc.
Official Website. Architectural Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment.
To Tip Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element i. Occupied Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building. Floors Above Ground The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors.
Floors Below Ground The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level. Top Elevator Speed Top Elevator Speed refers to the top speed capable of being achieved by an elevator within a particular building, measured in meters per second. Tower GFA Tower GFA refers to the total gross floor area within the tower footprint, not including adjoining podiums, connected buildings or other towers within the development.
By Location. Tallest in the World. Tallest in Asia. Tallest in China. Tallest in Hong Kong. Tallest Office Building in the World. Tallest Office Building in Asia. Tallest Office Building in China. Tallest Office Building in Hong Kong. Tallest Composite Building in the World. Tallest Composite Building in Asia.
Tallest Composite Building in China. Tallest Composite Building in Hong Kong. Construction Schedule. All Companies Involved. Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited. Design Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Architect of Record Usually takes on the balance of the architectural effort not executed by the "Design Architect," typically responsible for the construction documents, conforming to local codes, etc.
Rocco Design Architects Limited. Structural Engineer. Design The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Peer Review The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.
Leslie E. MEP Engineer. Roger Preston Limited. Other Consultant Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project e. Adamson Associates ; Permasteelisa Group. Brandston Partnership, Inc. Quantity Surveyor. Rider Levett Bucknall. Vertical Transportation.
Alternate concrete steel construction is a costly decision that has potential drawbacks, both coordination between two different markets and the behavior of materials. Steel contrary, piece by piece, quickly providing you have a base with the required tolerance is placed.
As soon as the building reached street level, the material was removed and excavations began in the transport hub located beneath and around the base of the building. An upward rising hydraulic steel panels where prefabricated cages in which the poured concrete were placed. Once located in place, the forms themselves were contained and concrete could be accommodated. Exceeded the level rose to a new position to repeat the process.
The core was cast upstream and the central platform was holstered when work was completed. The nuclear structure, steel frame and cladding plates succeeded each other up during the construction phase.
Climbing cranes and hoisting systems raised outer materials and workers. Coating the individual panels are fitted into each block from within. Pilasters strips ensure a lasting and proper sealing against strong winds. The structure of super columns with header crown, comprising a substantial core connected to eight columns of composite steel tubes filled with concrete girded by a slight secondary frame.
The core housing and vertical circulation routes elevators, each comprising four areas of high open-plan floor extending to exceed eight steel columns daunting. These columns you increase their structural capacity and robustness by filling concrete. Every 20 plants the two vertical systems, columns and core are assembled by a gear overall height, in order to resist wind loads and typhoons.
The slender, fluted shape of the building is achieved by the angles of its structure, within which the most esteemed office spaces are created by users. These angles are reinforced by a much lighter secondary system that descends to a transfer structure steel shoring, located above the levels of the podium. The design and subsequent construction work was organized in a general program, bringing the materials at the time they were to be used, avoiding storage. To prevent the collapse of unstable side in the first drilling on land reclaimed from the sea, a thixotropic mud filling hardens if not altered externally used, but softens if remueve.
Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included e. The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level. Note: Only buildings that have GPS coordinates recorded are displayed.
Thursday October 20, Hong Kong, China. Interview: Irvine Sellar. Irvine discusses Christine talks about Facades form the identity and functionality of high-rise buildings. There are no results for your search query. Please try a different variation. A Case Study of Hong Kong. Since the concept was first introduced in the s, transit-oriented-development TOD has greatly expanded in East Asian cities such as Hong Kong. Rail stations are This is the fourth record-breaking year in a row, and it brings the Two International Finance Centre.
This paper describes the some of the geotechnical design considerations, the structural design development and construction of the m tower, Two International Finance Centre in John W.
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